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🎓 Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, participants will be able to:
- Explain what a blockchain is and how it differs from centralized or traditional data systems
- Compare public vs. private blockchains and choose the right model for SDG use cases
- Identify SDG-aligned use cases where blockchain adds value through transparency, traceability, or trust minimization
- Describe how Cardano differs from Ethereum or Bitcoin in its design principles and implications for development
📖 Section 1: What Is Blockchain and Why It Matters
A blockchain is a distributed ledger maintained by a network of independent nodes. Unlike traditional databases, where a single entity controls data input and storage, blockchains rely on consensus protocols to achieve data integrity and eliminate single points of failure.
In SDG contexts, the benefits include:
- Immutable records: Farmers can’t have their subsidy logs altered by corrupt intermediaries
- Decentralized governance: Multiple stakeholders can share control of disbursement contracts
- Auditable processes: Anyone can verify that aid was disbursed as promised
📖 Section 2: Public vs. Private Blockchains
| Feature |
Public Blockchain |
Private Blockchain |
| Access |
Open to all |
Restricted to select nodes |
| Governance |
Community-driven |
Controlled by institution |
| Transparency |
Fully auditable |
Partially visible |
| Best Use |
Public goods, donations |
Internal logistics, compliance |
Example:
- Use a public chain for citizen registries or subsidy disbursement
- Use a private chain for an internal NGO inventory system
📖 Section 3: Blockchain + SDGs – Why It’s a Fit